Venezuela, Guyana Tensions Rise Over Disputed Oil-Rich Region

On Tuesday, tensions heightened between Venezuela and Guyana as Caracas introduced a bill proposing the creation of a Venezuelan province in a disputed oil-rich region, along with an order for the state oil company to issue licenses for crude extraction in the area.

President Nicolas Maduro of Venezuela suggested sending a bill to the National Assembly for the establishment of a "Guyana Esequiba" province in a region that Guyana has administered for over a century. Maduro also emphasized the immediate issuance of oil, gas, and mining licenses.

In response, Guyana President Irfaan Ali deemed Maduro statements a "direct threat" and rejected the measures. Venezuela held a controversial non-binding referendum on the region fate, resulting in a 95-percent "yes" vote for Caracas claims on Essequibo.

Maduro issued an ultimatum for oil companies operating under Guyana concessions to withdraw within three months. He designated Tumeremo, a town near the disputed area, as the headquarters for Venezuelan efforts to defend its interests.

Guyana, seeking help, stated it would approach the UN Security Council if Venezuela took any actions following the referendum. Guyana had sought to stop the referendum with an urgent application to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in The Hague.

Guyana Attorney General, Anil Nandlall, mentioned invoking UN Charter Articles 41 and 42, which allow for sanctions or military action to maintain international peace and security. China, a close ally of Venezuela, expressed support for resolving the border issues between the two nations.

Guyana has administered Essequibo for over a century, making up two-thirds of its territory. Litigation is pending before the ICJ over border disputes. The conflict intensified with ExxonMobil 2015 oil discovery in Essequibo, leading to Venezuela Sunday referendum after Guyana auctioned oil blocks in the area.

Despite the ICJ urging Caracas not to take actions affecting the disputed territory, Guyana Ali warned of injustice to the Venezuelan people if they ignored the court order. The referendum asked voters about rejecting the 1899 arbitration decision, the ICJ jurisdiction, and granting Venezuelan citizenship to residents of a proposed "Guyana Esequiba State."