U.S. Air Force Advances VENOM Program to Test Autonomous Capabilities on Modified F-16s

The U.S. Air Force has taken a significant step forward in its VENOM (Viper Experimentation and Next-gen Operations Model) program, designed to transform the F-16 Fighting Falcon into an advanced autonomous test platform. On April 1, the final F-16 scheduled for modification arrived at Eglin Air Force Base, marking a crucial milestone in the initiative.

Transforming the F-16 for Autonomy

Currently, three F-16s are undergoing extensive modifications at Eglin Air Force Base. Engineers are integrating cutting-edge technologies such as auto-throttle, advanced flight control systems, and specialized onboard instrumentation. These enhancements will enable the aircraft to operate under autonomous control, managing both thrust and flight surfaces without human intervention.

“Modifying the aircraft is the result of a rigorous design phase and brings us one step closer to testing autonomy on a fighter jet with real mission systems and capabilities,” stated Maj. Trent McMullen, the advanced capabilities division chief at the 40th Flight Test Squadron.

Simulating Air Combat for Autonomy Training

To develop the software required for autonomous operations, the Air Force is utilizing faster-than-real-time simulations. These digital environments expose the AI to various air combat scenarios, including dogfights and beyond-visual-range engagements. The goal is to refine the system’s decision-making skills under combat-like conditions.

“These simulations provide an efficient way to train the autonomy to learn complex air combat tactics,” McMullen explained. “A single scenario can be run 1,000 times, allowing us to analyze variations and improve the autonomy’s behaviors.”

Ensuring Safety and Performance

One of the program's top priorities is safety. Engineers are conducting hardware-in-the-loop testing to ensure the autonomous system remains within safe operational limits. A “human-on-the-loop” approach allows test pilots to monitor and override the system if necessary, preventing unsafe maneuvers.

The VENOM team is also exploring how the autonomous F-16 interacts with real-world mission systems. The aircraft will undergo extensive ground testing before moving to developmental and operational flight trials.

“Having both DT (Developmental Test) and OT (Operational Test) pilots working together at the same location allows for daily collaboration,” said Lt. Col. Jeremy Castor, VENOM’s operational test lead. “This accelerates our ability to refine and advance autonomous combat capabilities.”

F-16 VENOM Specifications

• Aircraft Model: F-16 Fighting Falcon (Modified for VENOM)

• Key Upgrades: Auto-throttle, enhanced flight control systems, onboard AI instrumentation

• Testing Location: Eglin Air Force Base, Florida

• Autonomy Features: AI-driven flight control, real-time decision-making in combat scenarios

• Safety Protocol: Human-on-the-loop oversight, strict flight envelope limitations

Future Implications of VENOM

The first autonomous test flight of a fully modified F-16 is expected soon. With rapid progress in AI-driven combat capabilities, the VENOM program could significantly shape the future of aerial warfare, paving the way for advanced manned-unmanned teaming strategies.

“As the VENOM program’s first flight approaches, we are excited to test novel autonomous solutions,” McMullen added. “The strides we’ve witnessed in the simulation environment suggest VENOM will help advance aerial combat capabilities for future crewed and uncrewed platforms.”

By integrating cutting-edge AI and flight automation, the U.S. Air Force is setting the foundation for next-generation air combat, where autonomous fighter jets could operate alongside traditional aircraft, enhancing mission effectiveness and reducing pilot workload.