Italian ‘Black Shark’ Torpedo Surfaces as Leading Choice for Indian Navy’s Submarine Arsenal

The Italian-made Black Shark heavyweight torpedo has once again taken center stage as a top contender for the Indian Navy’s critical submarine warfare requirements. After a prolonged period of uncertainty and past controversy, the torpedo is now gaining renewed traction, especially following the exit of key competitors from the bidding process.

A Technological Powerhouse in Underwater Warfare

Developed by Leonardo (previously known as WASS), the Black Shark torpedo represents one of the most advanced submarine-launched weapon systems in the world. It is an evolved version of the earlier A184 model, equipped with state-of-the-art enhancements that significantly boost its performance against both underwater and surface threats.

At the core of its superiority lies a fibre-optic guided system coupled with advanced electronic counter-countermeasures (ECCM) and multi-frequency sonar capabilities. These features allow for precise target identification and tracking, even in environments saturated with countermeasures and decoys.

Key Specifications of the Black Shark

• Maximum Speed: 50 knots (approximately 93 km/h)

• Effective Range: 50 kilometers

• Propulsion System: Aluminium-silver oxide (Al-AgO) battery paired with a contra-rotating brushless motor

• Warhead: 350 kg high-explosive charge

• Standards Compliance: Built according to NATO’s STANAG 4439 and MURAT-2 safety and performance standards

The use of a non-gas-emitting propulsion system ensures silent and emission-free operation, giving submarines better stealth and endurance at deep sea levels.

A Comeback After Controversy

The Black Shark's journey to the Indian Navy has not been without setbacks. During the 2008–2013 procurement process, the torpedo was part of a high-profile deal that was eventually cancelled due to allegations of procedural irregularities. This led to an investigation by India's Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), and the torpedo was shelved for several years.

Now, however, the tides are turning in its favor. With Germany’s ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems (TKMS) recently pulling out of the competition to supply torpedoes for the Indian Navy’s Kalvari-class submarines, only France’s Naval Group remains as a competitor. According to internal assessments, the Italian Black Shark is more cost-effective, giving it a clear advantage.

Strategic Edge for the Indian Navy

India is looking to procure 48 heavyweight torpedoes to strengthen its submarine fleet, and the Black Shark’s modern capabilities and long operational lifespan—estimated to remain relevant for at least 30 more years—make it an ideal choice.

Its combination of high speed, extended range, deep-sea capability, and robust electronic systems makes it not just a weapon, but a force multiplier for any modern navy. For the Indian Navy, which is aiming to modernize and expand its underwater combat strength, the Black Shark could provide a much-needed edge in the Indian Ocean region and beyond.

As the procurement decision nears, the Black Shark stands poised not just to re-enter the Indian defence arena, but to dominate it.