India's New SSNs with 10,000 Ton Displacement, 40% Bigger Than Similar Chinese Type 093 Shang-class Subs Deployed in IOR

India's ambitious submarine modernization program has received a significant boost with the approval to build two new nuclear-powered attack submarines (SSNs). These submarines, set to displace an impressive 10,000 tons, mark a strategic leap forward in India's naval capabilities, especially in light of the rising maritime competition in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).

The decision by India's Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) to green-light this project underscores New Delhi’s commitment to enhancing its undersea warfare capabilities. This move is a direct counter to China's growing presence in the region, where Beijing has been deploying its Type 093 Shang-class SSNs. While China’s Type 093 submarines displace around 6,400 tons, India's new SSNs will be nearly 40% larger, giving them a clear edge in terms of endurance, operational range, and payload capacity.

The size advantage of these new Indian SSNs will not only allow them to stay submerged for longer periods but will also enable them to carry a more extensive array of weapons. Reports suggest that these submarines will be equipped with Vertical Payload Tubes (VPTs), allowing them to deploy a mix of advanced weaponry. This will likely include India’s indigenous Nirbhay subsonic cruise missiles and, potentially, hypersonic missiles like the BrahMos-2K or the upcoming Project Vishnu Hypersonic Cruise Missile (HCM). These hypersonic missiles, traveling at speeds greater than Mach 5, offer an unmatched advantage, as they are exceedingly difficult to intercept, significantly boosting India’s strategic deterrence.

In addition to the missile systems, these SSNs will carry heavyweight torpedoes designed for both anti-ship and anti-submarine warfare. Their quiet operation, powered by a 190 MW pressurized water reactor (PWR), ensures they remain stealthy while patrolling the deep waters of the IOR, adding another layer to their offensive and defensive capabilities. The submarines are also expected to utilize advanced pump-jet propulsion systems, known for their ability to reduce noise and enhance stealth—a crucial feature in modern submarine warfare.

The 10,000-ton displacement of these submarines places them in the same class as the US Navy's Virginia-class Block V SSNs, which are considered among the most capable submarines in the world. This comparison speaks volumes about India's technological advancements in this field, reflecting the nation's growing ability to field world-class naval assets. While the Virginia-class is a proven platform, India's SSNs, with similar or larger size and comparable capabilities, signal that New Delhi is taking its role as a regional maritime power very seriously.

These submarines will likely play a crucial role in countering China's increasing assertiveness in the Indian Ocean. Beijing has been steadily expanding its naval footprint in the region, with frequent deployments of both surface ships and submarines. India’s new SSNs, with their superior endurance, firepower, and stealth, will serve as a formidable deterrent and ensure that India maintains its naval supremacy in the strategically vital waters of the IOR.

Furthermore, the development of these SSNs also paves the way for India's future ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) program. The S5 class of SSBNs, which are projected to displace 13,000 tons, will follow the current S4 and S4* class SSBNs, which displace around 7,000 tons. Like the SSNs, the S5 SSBNs will be powered by 190 MW PWRs and will likely feature pump-jet propulsion systems. The synergy between the SSN and SSBN programs will ensure that India has a well-rounded, technologically advanced submarine fleet capable of both offensive operations and nuclear deterrence.

In summary, India's decision to develop these two new 10,000-ton SSNs is a bold step toward securing its interests in the Indian Ocean. As China's naval power continues to grow, these submarines will not only help maintain balance in the region but also serve as a symbol of India’s strategic ambitions. With cutting-edge technology, formidable firepower, and enhanced stealth, these submarines represent the future of India’s naval dominance.