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India

In response to shortages in shoulder-fired missiles for countering aerial threats along its borders with China and Pakistan, the Indian Army is advancing two initiatives totaling over Rs 6,800 crore to develop Very Short Range Air Defence Systems (VSHORADS) domestically.

The Indian Army aims to develop and procure over 500 launchers and approximately 3000 missiles through indigenous channels. Additionally, considering delays in finding replacements for outdated Igla-1M missiles, there is contemplation on reviving a previously scrapped tender where the Russian Igla-S was selected.

Presently, existing VSHORAD missiles in the Indian Army and Indian Air Force inventory utilize infrared homing guidance systems. The Igla 1M VSHORAD missile system, inducted in 1989, was slated for de-induction in 2013.

A significant project worth Rs 4800 crore involves collaboration between a public sector unit headquartered in Hyderabad and a private sector firm in Pune. Their focus is on developing laser beam riding VSHORADS to safeguard borders against enemy drones, fighter aircraft, and helicopters. The project targets the production of 200 launchers and 1200 missiles for both the Indian Army and Air Force.

However, progress in this program has faced challenges, prompting exploration of alternatives. Another initiative led by the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) aims at developing infra-red homing-based VSHORADS, with collaboration from Adani Defence and I-Comm. DRDO has tested the system on a tripod and aims to miniaturize it into a shoulder-fired weapon system.

To address immediate needs, the Indian Army and Air Force utilized Emergency Procurement powers to acquire 96 launchers of the Russian Igla, with half already delivered. Furthermore, discussions are underway to revive the previously scrapped contract with Russia for the Igla-S system, emphasizing the 'Make in India' initiative.

The versatility and significance of VSHORAD missiles have been underscored in various conflicts, including the recent Russia-Ukraine conflict. Consequently, the Indian armed forces are actively pursuing initiatives to replace outdated VSHORAD systems.

In conclusion, amid challenges in missile shortages and outdated systems, India's efforts to develop indigenous VSHORAD systems underscore its commitment to bolstering defense capabilities while fostering domestic defense production.