ISRO Successfully Completed 1,000-Hour Life Test of Stationary Plasma Thruster for Future Satellites

On March 27, 2025, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully completed a 1,000-hour life test on its 300mN Stationary Plasma Thruster, a key component of the Electric Propulsion System (EPS) designed for future satellites. This achievement marks a significant step towards replacing traditional chemical propulsion with electric propulsion in ISRO's upcoming satellite missions.

Advancing Satellite Propulsion Technology

The Electric Propulsion System (EPS) is set to revolutionize ISRO’s satellite technology by enabling satellites to rely entirely on electric propulsion for orbit raising and station-keeping. Unlike conventional chemical thrusters, EPS offers higher efficiency and significant mass savings, allowing for increased payload capacity, particularly in communication satellites.

The key advantage of this system lies in its Specific Impulse (Isp), which is a measure of propulsion efficiency. The electric thrusters boast an Isp that is at least six times higher than conventional chemical propulsion, making them far more fuel-efficient.

Key Specifications of ISRO's 300mN Stationary Plasma Thruster

• Thrust Output: 300mN (millinewtons)

• Power Consumption: 5.4 kW

• Propellant Used: Xenon

• Vacuum Chamber Testing: Simulated space environment

• Erosion Monitoring: Periodic assessment of electrode liner wear

• Specific Impulse: At least 6 times higher than conventional propulsion

Critical Testing and Performance Validation

The 1,000-hour life test was conducted at full power levels in a vacuum chamber replicating space conditions. A crucial aspect of the test was monitoring electrode liner erosion, which helps predict the long-term durability of the thruster. The data obtained is essential for refining ISRO's future electric propulsion designs and ensuring their reliability in space operations.

Future Deployment in ISRO Satellites

With this successful test, ISRO plans to integrate and validate the Electric Propulsion System in its upcoming Technology Demonstration Satellite (TDS-01). The system will play a key role in orbit-raising maneuvers to the Geostationary Orbit (GEO), proving its capability before full-scale deployment in future missions.

This milestone not only strengthens India's space capabilities but also aligns ISRO with global advancements in electric propulsion technology, paving the way for more efficient, cost-effective, and longer-lasting spacecraft.