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As global dynamics evolve, so too must our approach to national security. Recent developments in Antarctica signal a shifting landscape that demands attention from policymakers and defense planners. Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd's foresight during Operation Highjump in 1946 serves as a poignant reminder of the need to anticipate and address potential threats, even in the most remote corners of the globe.

China's recent establishment of a base on Antarctica's Inexpressible Island has raised concerns among allies, particularly due to its dual-use capabilities. With the capacity to accommodate up to 80 personnel year-round, the installation has the potential for both military and scientific operations. Of particular worry is the possibility of housing ballistic missiles under the guise of climate research.

The geopolitical implications of China's presence in Antarctica cannot be overstated. As the United States and its allies focus their defense efforts primarily on the North Pole, the South Pole remains vulnerable to emerging threats. China's advancements in hypersonic missile technology, exemplified by the Long March 2C Rocket, pose a significant challenge to current U.S. defense capabilities. General David Thompson's acknowledgment of the U.S. lagging behind in hypersonic weapon development underscores the urgency of the situation.

Russia, too, has signaled its intent to assert its interests in Antarctica. Despite being a signatory to the 1959 Antarctic Treaty System, Russia's continued military activities, including the deployment of hypersonic missiles, raise concerns about its long-term objectives on the continent. Moscow's "Antarctic Action Plan" for 2030 highlights its strategic focus on military and intelligence goals, further emphasizing the need for vigilance.

While China and Russia engage in long-term planning for their Antarctic endeavors, the United States risks falling behind by neglecting the region in its national security strategy. The absence of any mention of Antarctica in the 2021 National Security Strategy underscores the need for a reassessment of priorities. As our adversaries expand their presence and influence in Antarctica, the potential consequences of a policy of benign neglect are far-reaching.

It is imperative that the United States and its allies adopt a proactive approach to address emerging threats in Antarctica. This includes bolstering our defense capabilities to counter hypersonic missile technology and enhancing surveillance and monitoring efforts in the region. Collaborative initiatives with like-minded nations, such as Australia, will be crucial in safeguarding the Antarctic Treaty System and preserving stability in the region.

As Admiral Byrd recognized in the aftermath of World War II, national security extends beyond traditional boundaries. In an era of evolving threats, the preservation of peace and security requires a comprehensive and forward-thinking approach. The challenges posed by China and Russia's activities in Antarctica demand a concerted and proactive response from the United States and its allies.