Brazil Considers India's Tejas Fighter Mk1a and Mk2 Jets for F-5 Replacement While Pursuing Embraer C-390 for IAF

Brazil and India are exploring a potential defence collaboration that could see the Brazilian Air Force (FAB) replacing its aging fleet of F-5 fighters with India's Tejas Mk1A and MkII jets, while India evaluates Brazil's Embraer C-390 Millennium as part of its Medium Transport Aircraft (MTA) tender. This move comes as both nations seek to modernize their air capabilities and build stronger ties through mutual defence procurement.

The initiative took a significant step forward when Lieutenant Brigadier Marcelo Kanitz Damasceno, the Brazilian Air Force Commander, expressed his country's interest in India's Tejas during a recent visit to India. The Brazilian military is eyeing the Tejas Mk1A and the forthcoming MkII versions, which offer advanced technology, improved performance, and greater payload capacity, as strong candidates to replace the FAB's decades-old F-5 jets, slated for retirement by 2030.

Why Brazil is Eyeing the Tejas Mk1A and MkII

The Tejas, developed by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), has made headlines for its remarkable features. The Mk1A variant offers upgrades in avionics, improved radar systems, and enhanced weapons-carrying capabilities over the earlier Tejas variants. It also boasts advanced electronic warfare systems and a more efficient maintenance structure. However, Brazil is particularly interested in the Tejas MkII, which is still in development but promises a significant leap in performance over the Mk1A.

The Tejas MkII will feature a larger airframe, more powerful engines, and increased range. Its payload capacity will surpass that of the F-5, making it a superior option for Brazil as it seeks to modernize its fighter fleet for future combat scenarios. Additionally, the Tejas MkII’s compatibility with a range of armaments, including air-to-air and air-to-surface missiles, positions it as a versatile fighter capable of addressing Brazil's defensive needs well into the future.

The aircraft has also earned international attention, particularly after its participation in "Tarang Shakti," a multinational military exercise, and high-profile endorsements from Indian Air Force (IAF) officials. This visibility is crucial as India pushes to export the Tejas, marking a key step in the country's ambition to become a global player in defence manufacturing.

Brazil’s Offer: Embraer C-390 Millennium for India’s Transport Fleet

While Brazil shows interest in the Tejas, it is also positioning its Embraer C-390 Millennium to meet India's needs for medium transport aircraft. The C-390 Millennium is a modern military transport aircraft, known for its reliability, high mobility, and flexibility. It can perform a wide range of missions, from cargo transport to medical evacuation and aerial refueling. 

The IAF is reportedly in the market for 40 to 80 such aircraft under its MTA program, and Brazil is hoping the C-390 will fit the bill. The Brazilian-made aircraft has been praised for its impressive payload capacity (up to 26 tons), speed, and ability to operate on short, unpaved runways—an essential feature for military operations in diverse terrains like India’s.

A potential joint venture between Embraer and India's Mahindra Group to manufacture the C-390 in India would align perfectly with the Indian government's "Make in India" initiative. The production of the C-390 in India could create jobs, transfer valuable technology, and bolster the country’s domestic defence manufacturing sector.

Strategic Implications for India-Brazil Defence Ties

This emerging partnership could represent a strategic shift for both countries. If successful, the deals involving the Tejas and C-390 would enhance the defence capabilities of both nations while opening doors for further collaboration in military technology. The joint production of the C-390, combined with Brazil's potential procurement of Tejas jets, could lead to joint ventures and technology transfers that benefit both sides.

Moreover, the defence deals reflect the broader trend of India seeking new international buyers for its indigenous military products while also diversifying its own military acquisitions. For Brazil, securing an advanced fighter jet like the Tejas would modernize its air force and reduce dependency on older platforms. For India, selecting the C-390 for its transport fleet would introduce a versatile, modern aircraft that could significantly enhance the IAF’s operational flexibility.

A Promising Future for Defence Cooperation

As discussions continue, both the Tejas and C-390 deals symbolize a deepening of India-Brazil defence ties. These agreements could potentially lead to further military cooperation, including joint development and production of advanced defence technologies. The successful procurement of these platforms would not only enhance military readiness but also strengthen the economic and strategic partnership between two key players in the Global South.